The dynamics of vulnerability: locating coping strategies in Kenya and Tanzania
Identifieur interne : 002766 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002765; suivant : 002767The dynamics of vulnerability: locating coping strategies in Kenya and Tanzania
Auteurs : Siri H. Eriksen [Norvège] ; Katrina Brown [Royaume-Uni] ; P Mick Kelly [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Geographical Journal [ 0016-7398 ] ; 2005-12.
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Abstract
We investigate how smallholder farmers at two sites in Kenya and Tanzania cope with climate stress and how constraints and opportunities shape variations in coping strategies between households and over time during a drought. On the basis of this analysis, we draw out implications for adaptation and adaptive policy. We find that households where an individual was able to specialize in one favoured activity, such as employment or charcoal burning, in the context of overall diversification by the household, were often less vulnerable than households where each individual is engaged in many activities at low intensity. Many households had limited access to the favoured coping options due to a lack of skill, labour and/or capital. This lack of access was compounded by social relations that led to exclusion of certain groups, especially women, from carrying out favoured activities with sufficient intensity. These households instead carried out a multitude of less favoured and frequently complementary activities, such as collecting indigenous fruit. While characterized by suitability to seasonal environmental variations and low demands on time and cash investments, these strategies often yielded marginal returns. Both the marginalization of local niche products and the commercialization of forest resources exemplify processes leading to differential vulnerability. We suggest that vulnerability can usefully be viewed in terms of the interaction of such processes, following the concept of locality. We argue that coping is a distinct component of vulnerability and that understanding the dynamism of coping and vulnerability is critical to developing adaptation measures that support people as active agents.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00174.x
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Eriksen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Sociology and Human Geography, and CICERO Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo, University of Oslo, PO Box 1096 Blindern, NO‐0317 Oslo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NO‐0317 Oslo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Katrina" sort="Brown, Katrina" uniqKey="Brown K" first="Katrina" last="Brown">Katrina Brown</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of East Anglia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly, P Mick" sort="Kelly, P Mick" uniqKey="Kelly P" first="P Mick" last="Kelly">P Mick Kelly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of East Anglia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Geographical Journal</title><idno type="ISSN">0016-7398</idno><idno type="eISSN">1475-4959</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2005-12">2005-12</date><biblScope unit="volume">171</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="287">287</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="305">305</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0016-7398</idno></series><idno type="istex">E3011F972BE459BEE4FA9586BCC081F5BD456D70</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00174.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GEOJ174</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0016-7398</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Kenya</term><term>Tanzania</term><term>adaptation</term><term>drought coping strategies</term><term>environmental change</term><term>household vulnerability</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Kenya</term><term>Tanzanie</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We investigate how smallholder farmers at two sites in Kenya and Tanzania cope with climate stress and how constraints and opportunities shape variations in coping strategies between households and over time during a drought. On the basis of this analysis, we draw out implications for adaptation and adaptive policy. We find that households where an individual was able to specialize in one favoured activity, such as employment or charcoal burning, in the context of overall diversification by the household, were often less vulnerable than households where each individual is engaged in many activities at low intensity. Many households had limited access to the favoured coping options due to a lack of skill, labour and/or capital. This lack of access was compounded by social relations that led to exclusion of certain groups, especially women, from carrying out favoured activities with sufficient intensity. These households instead carried out a multitude of less favoured and frequently complementary activities, such as collecting indigenous fruit. While characterized by suitability to seasonal environmental variations and low demands on time and cash investments, these strategies often yielded marginal returns. Both the marginalization of local niche products and the commercialization of forest resources exemplify processes leading to differential vulnerability. We suggest that vulnerability can usefully be viewed in terms of the interaction of such processes, following the concept of locality. We argue that coping is a distinct component of vulnerability and that understanding the dynamism of coping and vulnerability is critical to developing adaptation measures that support people as active agents.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Norvège</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country></list><tree><country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Eriksen, Siri H" sort="Eriksen, Siri H" uniqKey="Eriksen S" first="Siri H" last="Eriksen">Siri H. Eriksen</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Brown, Katrina" sort="Brown, Katrina" uniqKey="Brown K" first="Katrina" last="Brown">Katrina Brown</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Kelly, P Mick" sort="Kelly, P Mick" uniqKey="Kelly P" first="P Mick" last="Kelly">P Mick Kelly</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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